Further Mathematics · Pearson Edexcel 9FM0 · Option D1 · Topic 3

Algorithms on graphs II

Route inspection (the Chinese postman problem) and the travelling salesperson problem, with upper and lower bounds.

  • 2 sub-topics
  • 1 in Year 12, 1 in Year 13
  • 30 practice questions
  • 2 animated lessons

What the specification says

Every sub-topic Pearson Edexcel can examine in this topic, with its reference number from the official specification. The Y12 and Y13 tags show when each sub-topic is usually taught.

  1. 3.1Route inspection (Chinese postman)Y12
  2. 3.2Travelling salesman problemY13

Try 3 questions

Easy, medium and hard questions from this topic, each with a worked solutions and the mark for every step. All 30 questions in this topic, free, no account needed.

Algorithms on graphs II

Easy

Traversable graphs · Year 12 · 1 mark

  1. A connected graph has no vertices of odd degree. What can be said about it?
    (1)

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  1. With every degree even, a route can leave each vertex as often as it arrives.A: It is Eulerian: every edge can be travelled once, ending where it started

Total1

  • MMethod mark: for a correct method, even with a slip.
  • AAccuracy mark: for a correct answer from a correct method.
  • BIndependent mark: for a correct fact or result on its own, with no method needed.
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Algorithms on graphs II

Not needed for Year 12Medium

A lower bound for the travelling salesman problem · Year 13 · 1 mark

  1. A vertex is deleted from a network. The remaining network has a minimum spanning tree of weight 42, and the two shortest arcs at the deleted vertex have weights 7 and 9. What lower bound does this give for the optimal tour?
    (1)

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  1. Lower bound = weight of the residual minimum spanning tree + the two shortest arcs at the deleted vertex.DD: 58

Total1

  • MMethod mark: for a correct method, even with a slip.
  • AAccuracy mark: for a correct answer from a correct method.
  • BIndependent mark: for a correct fact or result on its own, with no method needed.
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Algorithms on graphs II

Hard

Route inspection · Year 12 · 5 marks

Figure 1 shows a network of streets. The numbers are lengths in metres. A road-sweeper must travel along every street, starting and finishing at A.
1151215451313915ABCDEFG
Figure 1
  1. (a)
    Find the total length of the streets.
    (1)
  2. (b)
    Use the route inspection algorithm to find the length of the shortest route.
    (4)

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Part (a)1 mark

  1. 102102

Part (b)4 marks

  1. Odd vertices: AA, BB, DD, EE.
  2. Consider all three pairings.AB+DEAB + DE=12+19{}= 12 + 19=31,{}= 31,AD+BE\quad AD + BE=11+4{}= 11 + 4=15,{}= 15,AE+BD\quad AE + BD=16+15{}= 16 + 15=31{}= 31
  3. Repeat the shortest pairing.102+15=117 m102 + 15 = 117\text{ m}

Total5

  • MMethod mark: for a correct method, even with a slip.
  • AAccuracy mark: for a correct answer from a correct method.
  • BIndependent mark: for a correct fact or result on its own, with no method needed.
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